Appearance

Dama gazelle, also known as addra, are the largest of the gazelle species, and were formerly one of the most prevalent in Saharan Africa. Dama are mostly white, topped with an orangey-brown spot of hair that covers their neck and the majority of their back. Both males and females have short, curved horns, though the males are typically larger and thicker with 18-23 distinct rings.These gazelle, like many of their similarly sized relatives, can often be observed bouncing into the air with all four hooves off the ground at the same time. This behavior is called stotting.

Adaptations

The dama gazelle is diurnal and requires more water than its desert neighbors, although it can survive long periods of drought. Because of this, they can obtain most of their water from the plants they consume. Their diet includes various desert shrubs and acacias, along with rough desert grasses.

Dama are highly nomadic, constantly migrating in search of food and water. During the wet season, they migrate north to the Sahara. In the dry season, they return to the Sahel, or dry land of Africa, in their smaller groups. 

Adaptations

Extinct in much of its original range, the dama gazelle is now a critically endangered species. Today there are likely only around 100 wild individuals in Sudan and Chad. Humans have been a major cause of decline for this species, through a combination of illegal hunting, overgrazing by domestic cattle, and more. Even untouched dama habitat is at risk, having become more arid in recent years due to climate change.

In Chad, the scimitar-horned oryx reintroduction project has had a positive impact on the populations of gazelles living in the Ouadi Rimé-Ouadi Achim Wildlife Reserve since it was implemented there in 2016. Increased control of poachers and other environmental factors have helped as well, though there is still need for upgraded monitoring to understand how to better help this species.